Active-Passive (Cold/Warm Standby)

A primary active region processes 100% of live traffic while a secondary standby region remains idle, taking over only when the primary suffers catastrophic failure.

STAFF ENGINEER TAKEAWAY: Significantly cheaper than Active-Active, but failover introduces several minutes of downtime (RTO > 0).

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More Topics in 5. Messaging & Events

📬Message Queues (PTP Asynchronous Buffering)

Point-to-point asynchronous buffers where producer services enqueue jobs, and competing consumer workers process tasks at their own decoupled pace.

📢Publish/Subscribe Event Streaming

Publishers broadcast events to topics without knowing who the subscribers are. Multiple independent consumer groups read from the same topic simultaneously.

⚡Event-Driven Architecture (EDA)

Systems coordinate state changes through state-change notifications and events rather than synchronous request/reply HTTP/RPC calls.

📐Domain-Driven Design (DDD) & Bounded Contexts

Divides large software domains into discrete logical boundaries where ubiquitous language and domain models are strictly defined and isolated.